Era il 2016, non tanto tempo fa.
Il presidente della Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, ha usato il suo discorso di accettazione del premio Nobel per la pace per chiedere al mondo di “ripensare” la guerra alla droga.
Ha detto che la politica di tolleranza zero potrebbe essere “ancora più dannosa” di tutte le altre guerre combattute in tutto il mondo.
Il governo di Santos e il più grande gruppo ribelle del paese, la Farc, hanno firmato un accordo di pace nel 2016.
Il conflitto con i ribelli Farc in Colombia ha ucciso oltre 260.000 persone e lasciato milioni di sfollati interni.
Accettando il premio per i suoi sforzi nel processo di pace, Santos ha reso omaggio alle famiglie delle vittime del conflitto.
Ha detto che il “grande paradosso” del processo di pace era che “le vittime sono quelle che sono più disposte a perdonare, a riconciliarsi e ad affrontare il futuro con un cuore libero dall’odio”.
In una deviazione dalle sue osservazioni preparate, ha chiesto ai rappresentanti delle vittime presenti di alzarsi in piedi ed essere riconosciuto per i propri sforzi nel processo di pace, a molti applausi.
In precedenza si era impegnato a donare il premio in denaro – otto milioni di corone svedesi ($ 925.000) – per aiutare le vittime del conflitto.
“Sono stato un leader in tempo di guerra – per difendere la libertà e i diritti del popolo colombiano – e ho servito come leader in tempi di pace”, ha detto. “Permettimi di dirti, dalla mia esperienza personale, che è molto più difficile fare la pace che fare la guerra”.
Nessuna guerra alle droghe
Il signor Santos ha detto che era “il momento di cambiare la nostra strategia” sulle droghe, e che la Colombia aveva “pagato il costo più alto di morti e sacrifici” nella cosiddetta guerra alla droga.
Il termine, coniato dal presidente degli Stati Uniti Richard Nixon più di quattro decenni fa, si riferisce agli sforzi guidati dagli Stati Uniti per fermare la produzione di droga alla fonte. In America Latina questo ha incluso l’attività di polizia sul campo e la fumigazione dei campi di coca dall’aria.
“Abbiamo l’autorità morale di affermare che, dopo decenni di lotta contro il traffico di droga, il mondo non è ancora stato in grado di controllare questo flagello che alimenta la violenza e la corruzione in tutta la nostra comunità globale”, ha affermato.
“Non ha senso imprigionare un contadino che coltiva marijuana, quando al giorno d’oggi, ad esempio, la sua coltivazione e il suo uso sono legali in otto stati degli Stati Uniti.”
“Il modo in cui viene condotta questa guerra contro la droga è ugualmente o forse anche più dannoso di tutte le guerre che il mondo sta combattendo oggi, combinate insieme”.
Immagine copyright: GETTY IMAGES
L’accordo di pace del governo colombiano con la Farc è stato approvato dopo molti anni di negoziati.
Ha colpito un ostacolo a sorpresa nell’ottobre del 2016 quando il 50,2% dei votanti lo ha respinto in un referendum.
Appena quattro giorni dopo l’inatteso risultato del referendum, è stato annunciato che il signor Santos avrebbe ricevuto il premio. Nel suo discorso, ha detto che la nomina era “ugualmente sorprendente” ed “è venuta come se fosse un dono dal cielo”.
Lavorando a fianco dei non propagandisti il governo ha scritto un nuovo accordo che è stato approvato dal Congresso sempre nel 2016.
C’erano molti gruppi armati coinvolti in decenni di conflitto in Colombia, compresi i gruppi ribelli di sinistra e i paramilitari di destra. A ottobre del 2016 il governo ha annunciato che avrebbe avviato colloqui di pace con il secondo gruppo ribelle, l’ELN.
Sono passati due anni da quel giorno, e nulla ancora, sul fronte “war on drugs” è cambiato, nonostante le parole, forti, di un Premio Nobel per la Pace.
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