I ricercatori hanno scoperto che il consumo cronico di composti di cannabis potrebbe migliorare la funzione cardiaca.
Il team di esperti ha concentrato le proprie ricerche sulla Drosophila melanogaster, la cosiddetta mosca della frutta, il cui cuore condivide molte caratteristiche con quello dell’essere umano, il che consente di valutarne il comportamento.
I ricercatori CONICET di La Plata hanno riportato, da una pubblicazione, la portata e gli effetti del consumo a lungo termine di fitocannabinoidi sulla funzione cardiaca e la sua relazione con la gestione dei livelli di calcio nel cuore.
“Il nostro progetto mira a caratterizzare gli effetti che i fitocannabinoidi generano nel cuore, vale a dire composti della pianta di Cannabis sativa che possono essere utilizzati a scopi terapeutici”, ha dichiarato Paola Ferrero, ricercatrice CONICET presso il Centro di ricerca cardiovascolare “Dr . Horacio E. Cingolani ”.
Secondo la scienziata, la cannabis trasporta “principi attivi che agiscono sul dolore, l’appetito, l’umorismo e il sonno, tra le altre cose” .
Ha spiegato che, poco dopo il regolamento della legge 27.350, che, tra le altre cose, ha stabilito il quadro normativo per la ricerca scientifica sull’uso della cannabis a scopi medicinali con CONICET come una delle entità autorizzate a farlo, è appena stato pubblicato un lavoro sulla rivista Biology Open che raccoglie i risultati e costituisce la prima prova degli effetti del consumo a lungo termine sulla funzione cardiaca e della sua relazione con la gestione dei livelli di calcio nel cuore.
“È noto che questi componenti hanno implicazioni per la funzione cardiaca e ciò che sta accadendo in situazioni di consumo acuto, vale a dire a breve termine, dove può causare tachicardia e ipotensione è abbastanza studiato, ma l’idea era di iniziare a descrivere ciò che accade in un trattamento cronico “, ha dichiarato Ivana Gómez, membro del Consiglio nazionale interuniversitario e una delle autrici dell’articolo pubblicato.
Studio con le mosche
Come indicato oggi da CONICET, le mosche selezionate sono state divise in due gruppi.
Entrambi sono stati esposti per diversi periodi di tempo al vapore della cannabis – che conteneva i principali fitocannabinoidi – generato dai ceppi coltivati nel Centro di ricerca ambientale.
Uno dei gruppi ha inalato due dosi giornaliere di vapore di cannabis per 5-8 giorni , mentre l’altro lo ha fatto per 11 e 13 giorni.
Una volta completato questo processo, “è stato analizzato il comportamento delle cellule cardiache, del battito cardiaco, della frequenza cardiaca, dell’indice di aritmia e di come influenza il consumo rispetto a un gruppo di mosche di controllo che non erano state esposte alla cannabis”, ha dichiarato Maia Rodríguez, un’altra autrice dello studio.
Secondo Gómez “nel gruppo che ha inalato la cannabis per meno tempo, ciò che abbiamo visto corrisponde agli effetti noti per il consumo acuto. Ciò potrebbe essere verificato negli esperimenti poiché si osserva un aumento dell’indice di aritmia ”.
“Ciò che vediamo nelle mosche che sono state esposte tra 11 e 13 giorni è che c’è un effetto abituante e aumenta la contrattilità del cuore, cioè la forza con cui si contrae. Un cuore con maggiore contrattilità risponde meglio alle condizioni di stress, ad esempio “, ha detto Rodríguez.
Per i ricercatori questa maggiore contrattilità è correlata a “un aumento dei livelli di calcio all’interno delle cellule cardiache” che ci ha permesso di avere un’idea del meccanismo cellulare che avrebbe causato tale processo “.
Informazioni sulla ricerca:
Ivana M. Gómez . Becaria. CIN. CIC.
Maia A. Rodríguez . Intern. UNNOBA.
Manuela Santalla . Borsista post-dottorato. CIC. Assistente diploma UNNOBA.
George Kassis Medicalbit.
Jorge Colman Lerner . Vice Ricercatore CINDECA.
Oswaldo Aranda . FCE, UNLP.
Daniela Sedan . Vice Ricercatore CIM.
Darío Andrinolo . Ricercatore indipendente CIM.
Carlos A. Valverde . Assistente ricercatore CIC.
Paola Ferrero . Vice Ricercatore CIC. Professor UNNOBA.
Di Marcelo Gisande – CCT CONICET La Plata
Riferimenti bibliografici:
Gómez, IM, Rodríguez, MA, Santalla, M., Kassis, G., Lerner, JC, Aranda, JO, … & Ferrero, P. (2019). L’inalazione di marijuana influisce sulla funzione cardiaca della Drosophila . Biology open, bio-044081.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.044081
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