Il successo di un raccolto sarà sempre la somma di diversi fattori.
Spesso si dice che il 30% dipenderà dal seme piantato, il 30% dipende dal substrato, il 30% dipenderà dalla cura, e il 10% è nelle mani della possibilità perché nessuno può prevedere tutti i pericoli che una pianta può affrontare.
Nell’ambito delle cure possiamo includere sia le condizioni che possiamo offrire alle piante sia all’interno che all’esterno, come l’irrigazione e i fertilizzanti che utilizziamo.
La cannabis è una pianta che ha elevate esigenze nutrizionali, ma molto specifiche.
Distinguiamo sempre tra fertilizzanti e additivi per la fase di crescita, fertilizzanti e additivi per la fase di fioritura. Quando prendiamo una lattina di fertilizzante, il punto culminante della sua composizione è sempre il cosiddetto NPK.
Questo si riferisce ai livelli di azoto, fosforo e potassio che contengono. Questi 3 elementi sono i cosiddetti macronutrienti primari. Il nome non si riferisce alla loro importanza, perché sono tutti importanti. Si riferisce alla maggiore richiesta da parte della pianta nei confronti degli altri.
I fertilizzanti della crescita possiamo vedere che hanno sempre alte dosi di azoto, fosforo medio-basso e potassio medio-basso. I fertilizzanti da fioritura, d’altra parte, hanno basse dosi di azoto, fosforo medio-alto e potassio medio-alto. La spiegazione sarà chiara ora che ti diremo le funzioni di ciascuno di questi nutrienti e la loro importanza:
- AZOTO (N): è la sostanza nutritiva che maggiormente consumano le piante di cannabis, e specialmente durante la crescita. Anche nella formazione dei tessuti è importante poiché regola la produzione di proteine, interviene nella produzione di clorofilla ed è primaria nella crescita di foglie e steli. È un nutriente mobile, cioè la pianta lo distribuisce e lo sostituisce in quelle aree dove ci sono delle carenze. L’acqua di irrigazione ha la grande facilità di trascinarlo e rimuoverlo dal drenaggio, quindi dovrebbe essere usato regolarmente. Le carenze di azoto sono molto comuni. Le piante ingialliscono perché la produzione di clorofilla viene interrotta. Inizia sempre sulle vecchie foglie e si estende alle foglie più giovani. Gli eccessi producono overfertilizazioni pericolose.
- FOSFORO (P):È essenziale che la pianta esegua la fotosintesi e il trasferimento dell’energia solare ai composti chimici. È un pezzo fondamentale del DNA ed è direttamente associato al vigore della pianta e alla produzione di resina e semi. La crescita è essenziale per la formazione delle radici ed è particolarmente necessaria nelle prime fasi della crescita, nella clonazione e nella fioritura. È anche un elemento mobile. Le carenze di fosforo rallentano la crescita e le foglie nascono più piccole. Nella fioritura le gemme avranno difficoltà a svilupparsi e saranno più piccole e meno resinose. Le foglie diventano più scure, con colori viola fino a quando non si torcono e cadono. Una sovrafertilizzazione del fosforo interferisce con l’assorbimento di altri elementi, il che può portare a errori nella diagnosi.
- POTASSIO (K):È essenziale che la pianta estragga acqua dal suolo e la assimili attraverso un processo di osmosi. Aiuta a combinare zuccheri, amidi e carboidrati e facilita la loro mobilità. È essenziale per la crescita attraverso la divisione cellulare e la preparazione di proteine che aumentano il contenuto di olio e migliorano la qualità dei terpeni. È anche un elemento mobile che la pianta distribuisce nelle aree in cui è necessario. Le carenze di potassio non sono facili da localizzare poiché le piante crescono normalmente. Ma gli steli diventano gradualmente deboli, poi le foglie diventano gialle dall’esterno verso l’interno, fino a quando non finiscono per ossidarsi, curvarsi e morire. La fioritura rallenta. Un eccesso di potassio ostacola l’assorbimento di altri elementi come magnesio, ferro o manganese.
I nutrienti di base contengono buone dosi di NPK, sempre a seconda del momento del ciclo. Includono anche macronutrienti secondari (zolfo, calcio e magnesio) e micronutrienti (ferro, rame, manganese, zinco, molibdeno, boro e cloro). Ognuno di loro è ugualmente importante ma non eguaglia gli altri. In generale una base nutrizionale, come suggerisce il nome, è la base per l’alimentazione di una pianta di cannabis per la crescita e la fioritura senza complicazioni.
Inoltre gli additivi possono contenere entrambi i macronutrienti primari e secondari e micronutrienti, più enzimi, vitamine, aminoacidi …
La loro funzione è quella di rafforzare e / o potenziare una fase specifica. Ad esempio alcuni contengono sostanze nutritive che la pianta richiede per il radicamento più veloce. Gli stimolatori della crescita consentono uno sviluppo più veloce e vigoroso. E gli esaltatori della fioritura completano anche la nutrizione di base soprattutto con alte dosi di fosforo e potassio, i nutrienti più richiesti nella fase di ingrasso dei fiori.
Quando selezioniamo i fertilizzanti per una coltura, la nostra raccomandazione è di acquistare fertilizzanti e additivi dallo stesso produttore. Il motivo è che con essi nel loro complesso vengono effettuati test di coltura studiando la migliore combinazione di sostanze nutritive possibili. Se usiamo marchi diversi, potremmo rimanere bassi di livello o passare il limite con alcuni nutrienti.
Organico o minerale? La grande differenza è l’ambiente e la facilità di assimilazione da parte delle piante. I minerali vengono assorbiti rapidamente, mentre quelli organici hanno bisogno dei microrganismi del terreno per trasformarli in nutrienti assimilabili.
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