L’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (OMS) di Ginevra ha dichiarato l’emergenza Coronavirus una Pandemia, ammettendo un’evidenza che era sotto agli occhi di tutti da giorni: i contagi sono diffusi in ogni continente a eccezione dell’Antartide.
I paesi colpiti sono 114 su un totale di 193, soprattutto nell’emisfero nord. Da quando è comparso, a dicembre 2019, il coronavirus ha causato oltre 118 mila contagi e 4.200 vittime.
«Abbiamo valutato che il COVID-19 può essere caratterizzato come una situazione pandemica», le parole del capo dell’Oms Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.
«L’Oms ha valutato questa epidemia giorno dopo giorno e siamo profondamente preoccupati sia dai livelli allarmanti di diffusione e gravità, sia dai livelli allarmanti di inazione. Siamo incoraggiati dalle misure aggressive adottate dall’Italia, speriamo che abbiano effetti nei prossimi giorni»
“Ci aspettiamo un aumento del numero dei casi, delle morti e dei paesi colpiti” ha annunciato Ghebreyesus. “La definizione di pandemia non cambia la valutazione dell’Oms sulla gravità della situazione. Non cambia quel che l’Oms sta facendo, né quel che i paesi dovrebbero fare”. Allo stesso tempo “questa non è solo una crisi sanitaria, è una crisi che toccherà ogni settore, e richiede che ogni individuo sia coinvolto nella lotta”.
«L’Italia ha attualmente 900 persone ricoverate nelle terapie intensive, con un enorme sforzo da parte del personale sanitario, che è a rischio di affaticamento e anche di una potenziale carenza di dispositivi. Dobbiamo muoverci velocemente per affrontare questi rischi». A sottolinearlo è stato Mike Ryan, a capo del Programma di emergenze sanitarie dell ‘Organizzazione mondiale della sanità (Oms), in conferenza stampa a Ginevra. «Gli ospedali e il personale hanno bisogno del nostro aiuto, di strumentazione, per fare un buon lavoro. Iran e Italia sono ora in prima linea e stanno soffrendo, ma garantisco che presto molti altri Paesi saranno nella stessa situazione».
LA DEFINIZIONE E COSA CAMBIA IN CONCRETO
La pandemia, dal greco pan-demos, “tutto il popolo”, è un’epidemia che si espande rapidamente diffondendosi in più aree geografiche del mondo.
“Si definisce pandemia un’epidemia che si diffonde tra i Paesi”, spiega David Jones, professore di cultura della medicina all’Università di Harvard, citato da Health.com. In base alla suscettibilità della popolazione e alla circolazione del germe – scrive l’Istituto superiore di sanità – una malattia infettiva puo’ manifestarsi in una popolazione in forma epidemica, endemica o sporadica.
Cosa significherebbe dichiarare la pandemia? All’atto pratico e stante gli attuali livelli, la nostra vita cambierebbe di poco. A spiegarlo è Pier Luigi Lopalco, professore ordinario di Igiene dell’ Università di Pisa, sempre per La Stampa. Secondo il professore tecnicamente saremmo già in questa condizione in quanto abbiamo già adottato misure per contenere la diffusione nazionale ed internazionale del contagio e per minimizzarne l’impatto, condividendo immediatamente tutti i dati epidemiologici (nuovi casi, morti, guariti) con l’Oms e gli enti di altre nazioni o sovranazionali come l’Ecdc, l’European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.
Ora l’Oms avrà la facoltà di emanare direttive e inviare équipe nelle nazioni più colpite (nel rispetto della sovranità), come ha già fatto in Cina, Italia e Iran. Potrà anche prendere nuove misure (in parte lo sta già facendo) per fluidificare l’invio ai Paesi più colpiti di presidi sanitari, come ad esempio le mascherine.
La dichiarazione di pandemia non avrà effetti concreti immediati sull’organizzazione dei nostri ospedali o sulla risposta italiana al coronavirus, già molto decisa, ma sicuramente potrà implementare le misure di sicurezza e di supporto.
La strategia che adotterà l’Organizzazione ad oggi non sembra quella di imporre un blocco totale dei trasporti o dell’attività lavorativa di una nazione intera, ma sembra diretta verso una serie di blocchi via via più stringenti più ci si avvicina alle zone dove i contagi sono maggiori, sul modello di Wuhan e della provincia di Hubei. Una sorta di contenimento selettivo simile a protocolli dell’Oms utilizzati per l’influenza aviaria H5N1 nel 2005.
Si potrebbero quindi creare zone di interdizione, dove potrebbe essere proibito entrare o uscire, nei focolai accertati del contagio, circondate da zone di transizione, “di buffer”, dove verrebbero applicate imponenti misure di sorveglianza sanitaria e autoquarantena ma senza perciò incidere troppo a fondo sulla circolazione della popolazione.
L’impatto che si verificherebbe (o verificherà) per l’economia globale sarà pesante, ma potrebbe essere devastante se i provvedimenti coercitivi verranno impiegati su vasta scala; ma da questa crisi economica internazionale ci si potrà rialzare. Ora occorre necessariamente concentrarsi sul contenimento della pandemia.
Invitiamo nuovamente tutti a rispettare le indicazioni ministeriali e restare a casa.
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